Modern slavery remains a persistent issue in Mauritania, despite legal reforms introduced over the years. Individuals trapped in these conditions continue to experience violence, intimidation, forced separation from loved ones, and systemic denial of their rights. While the country enacted its first anti-slavery law in 2007 and strengthened it in 2015—officially recognizing slavery as a crime against humanity—these measures have not yet eradicated the practice. The ongoing presence of slavery highlights the gaps in enforcement and legal frameworks.
In an effort to strengthen its response, the Mauritanian government has recently announced the establishment of a specialized court dedicated to prosecuting cases of slavery, human trafficking, and migrant smuggling. This initiative aims to enhance the effectiveness of legal proceedings and ensure justice for survivors through targeted judicial reforms. The restructuring of the judiciary is designed to improve the number, composition, and operation of specialized courts to hold perpetrators accountable and combat these human rights abuses.
Key Objectives of the Specialized Court:
- Standardizing legal responses: Previously, slavery-related crimes were handled by three different specialized courts, while human trafficking and migrant smuggling cases were processed by ordinary courts without specific expertise. The new judicial structure consolidates these cases under a single, specialized system.
- Enhancing professionalism in prosecution: Judges and legal professionals will be equipped to handle slavery, trafficking, and smuggling cases with greater expertise and efficiency.
- Strengthening human rights protections: The reforms align with Mauritania’s constitutional commitments and its obligations under international treaties.
- Improving access to justice for victims: The new system aims to bring criminal justice closer to affected communities, ensuring survivors receive the legal protection and support they need.
On February 17, 2025, during an official court session, Mauritanian Justice Minister Mohamed Mahmoud O. Cheikh Abdallahi O. Boyé reaffirmed the government’s dedication to fighting slavery, trafficking, and migrant smuggling. He described these crimes as grave threats to national stability and emphasized the government’s commitment to ensuring that no legal or institutional barriers stand in the way of justice. The Minister urged judges and legal officials to uphold their responsibilities with professionalism and commitment to human rights.
The new court, which consolidates the three previous specialized anti-slavery courts, is now led by Judge El Sheikh Sid Mohamed Ould Cheyna. Its creation has been recognized by international partners and neighboring countries as a significant advancement in the fight against slavery and human trafficking in Mauritania.
While the formation of this court is an important step forward, legal reforms alone are not enough. Robust enforcement, survivor-centered justice, and comprehensive anti-slavery efforts remain critical to ensuring lasting change. Free the Slaves continues to monitor developments and work alongside partners to support the global movement for freedom, dignity, and justice.
